Proposal of accuracy analysis of indoor tracking systems in basketball / Proposta de análise de precisão de sistemas de rastreamento interno em basquetebol

ABSTRACT The development of tracking technology caused a exponentially grow-up of research into this topic. The use of standardized methodologies is useful to contrast data of different studies. On the other hand, a low-cost reference system is needed. For this reason, the main aim of the present research is the description of a specific protocol to accuracy assessment of tracking location in indoor conditions in basketball. It can resume in three steps with detailed and easily procedures in the method section. The accuracy analysis method presented can report the centimeter of accuracy in each coordinate that the tracking system measure. A standardized protocol to evaluate the location on indoor conditions in basketball will provide to the sport science professionals a useful tool to analyze the accuracy and reliability of all tracking system, being the results can compare both within and between-court.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento da tecnologia de rastreamento causou um crescimento exponencial das pesquisas sobre esse tópico. O uso de metodologias padronizadas é útil para contrastar dados de diferentes estudos. Por outro lado, é necessário um sistema de referência de baixo custo. Por este motivo, o principal objetivo da presente pesquisa é a descrição de um protocolo específico para avaliação da acurácia do rastreamento de localização em condições internas no basquete. Pode retomar em três etapas com procedimentos detalhados e fáceis na seção do método. O método de análise de precisão apresentado pode relatar o centímetro de precisão em cada coordenada medida pelo sistema de rastreamento. Um protocolo padronizado para avaliar a localização em condições internas no basquetebol fornecerá aos profissionais de ciências do esporte uma ferramenta útil para analisar a precisão e a confiabilidade de todo o sistema de rastreamento, sendo que os resultados podem ser comparados dentro e entre as quadras.

Promotion of technological development and determination of biotechnology trends in five selected Latin American countries: an analysis based on PCT patent applications

Background: Science and technology are two desirable elements for the economic and social development of a country. Biotechnology has a particularly important potential for economic development. Nevertheless, patent production in Latin America remains underdeveloped, which creates the need to analyze its trend and the efforts made to promote patent production. Therefore, the purpose of this study was, on the one hand, to determine trends in biotechnology-related PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) applications in Chile, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, and Cuba from 1999 to 2015, and, on the other hand, to determine whether there is a relationship between the gross domestic expenditure on research and experimental development as a percentage of gross domestic product (GERD/GDP) and PCT applications for biotechnological inventions from 2007 to 2015 (in this case, the period under study was limited from 2007 to 2015, due to data availability for GERD/GDP in the five selected countries). Results: The first part of this study shows that the growth in biotechnology PCT applications has been moderate and gradual and the trend was fitted to a linear model. The second set of results shows that GERD/GDP is associated with biotechnology-related PCT applications issued during the study period with a significance level of α = 0.01. Conclusions: Even though results indicate a gradual and modest progress, it is necessary that these five representative Latin American nations continue acting toward the protection of intellectual property in the area of biotechnology, especially by configuring strategies for further progress based on investments on research and development.

Diagnóstico institucional dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu do estado do Rio de Janeiro

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral realizar um diagnóstico da capacidade de produção (ensino, pesquisa e desenvolvimento tecnológico) e das características acadêmicas, curriculares, gerenciais e de infraestrutura técnico-científica dos programas de pós-graduação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Relación entre el nivel de tecnología y los índices de productividad en fincas ganaderas de doble propósito localizadas en la cuenca del lago de Maracaibo / Relationship between level of technology and productivity indices of dual-purpose cattle Ffrms located on the Maracaibo lake basin

Con la finalidad de estudiar la relación que existe entre el nivel tecnológico y los índices de productividad de las fincas ganaderas de doble propósito, localizadas en los municipios Jesús Enrique Lossada, La Cañada de Urdaneta y Rosario de Perijá, se seleccionaron 102 fincas mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado con afijación proporcional y el algoritmo K-medias para la identificación de los grupos. Resultando tres grupos tecnológicos identificados como bajo (GT1), medio (GT2) y alto (GT3), Las medias de las productividades parciales entre los diferentes grupos fueron comparadas mediante un análisis de varianza. Posteriormente, con la prueba de Duncan se compararon las productividades parciales de los grupos. El GT3 mostró mayor productividad parcial en varios índices pero sólo en litros leche por vaca total y por mano de obra fueron significativas (P<0,05), asimismo, los indicadores económicos ingreso por vaca total, ingreso total, ganancia neta y margen bruto, resultaron estadísticamente diferente a GT2 y a GT1, Esto permite concluir que el manejo realizado en las fincas del GT3 se refleja en una mayor productividad del rebaño y de la mano de obra, con una menor relación de costo ingreso. Existe una relación directa entre el nivel tecnológico y los indicadores económicos, la ganancia neta y el margen bruto se incrementan a medida que se asciende dentro de los GTs.

In order to study the relationship between the levels of technology and productivity indicators of dual-purpose cattle farms located in the Jesus E. Lossada, La Cañada de Urdaneta y Rosario de Perijá Municipalities, 102 farms were selected by random sampling and K-mean algorithm to create the technological groups. Three technological groups (TGs) were identified: low (TG1), middle (TG2) and high (TG3). Later, the partial productivity means of different groups were compared by variance analysis and the Duncan test was utilized to evaluate the differences among the means. The TG3 showed high partial productivity in several indicators but only milk liters by total-cow and by labor productivity were statistically significant (P<0.05). Also, economical indicators such as income by total-cow, total income, profit and gross profit resulted statistically different from TG2 and TG1. These results allow concluding that TG3 showed a higher herd and labor productivity and lower cost-income relationship due to differences in the farm management of TG3 with respect to other groups. There is a straightforward relationship among technological levels and economical indicators. Profit and gross profit increases as the farm move into higher technological level.

Equipamiento y perspectivas de futuro de la Radioterapia Oncológica. Situación española / Equipment and Outlook for Radiotherapy Oncology. The situation in Spain

Durante la última década la radioterapia ha presentado un desarrollo tecnológico y radiobiológico exponencial. La aplicación clínica del avance en conocimientos biológicos es todavía escasa pero se augura un gran potencial de mejora en resultados terapéuticos. La evolución tecnológica está consiguiendo optimizar la distribución de la dosis en los volúmenes irradiados y conseguir tratamientos menos tóxicos. Hasta la fecha se desconoce la exacta repercusión del mejor control local tumoral sobre la supervivencia de la enfermedad. El nivel de desarrollo tecnológico español era escaso en 1999. La dotación actual es sin duda superior en parte fruto de la evidente infradotación explicita en el inventario practicado por la Asociación Española de Radioterapia y Oncología en los años 1999-2000 y cuyos datos se resumen (AU)

The authors of this paper describe the advances Radiotherapy has brought to this country over the last decade. They discuss the technological developments which are allowing radiation volume dosing to be optimized, leading to less toxic treatment (AU)